Cold chain logistics is a professional logistics that uses technical processes such as temperature control and preservation and facilities and equipment such as cold storage warehouses, refrigerated trucks, and refrigerated containers to ensure that cold chain products are always in a specified temperature environment throughout the entire process of preliminary processing, storage, transportation, circulation processing, sales, and distribution. Promoting the high-quality development of cold chain logistics is an important means to reduce post-harvest losses of agricultural products and waste in food circulation, expand the supply of high-quality markets, and better meet the people's growing needs for a better life; it is an important foundation for supporting the large-scale and industrialized development of agriculture, promoting agricultural transformation and increasing farmers' incomes, and helping rural revitalization; it is to meet the individualized, quality-oriented, and differentiated consumption needs of urban and rural residents, promote consumption upgrades and cultivate new growth points, and deeply implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and promoting the formation of a strong domestic market. An important way; it is an important guarantee for improving the quality and safety system of fresh agricultural products "from farmland to table, from branch to tip of tongue" and improving the quality control ability of the entire process of pharmaceutical product logistics, and supporting the implementation of the food safety strategy and building a healthy China. In accordance with the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and in accordance with the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Term Goals for 2035", this plan is formulated.
I. Current situation
In recent years, the market demand for cold chain products such as meat, fruits, vegetables, aquatic products, dairy products, quick-frozen foods, vaccines, biological agents, and drugs in my country has grown rapidly, the business environment has continued to improve, and cold chain logistics has developed rapidly. However, there are still many outstanding bottlenecks, pain points, difficulties and sticking points, which are difficult to effectively meet market demand. As my country enters a new stage of development, the people's demand for high-quality consumer goods and the market entities' demand for high-quality logistics services are growing rapidly. The normalization of epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19 puts new and higher requirements on cold chain logistics. Cold chain logistics development faces new opportunities and challenges.
(1) Development foundation.
The industry scale has expanded significantly. In recent years, the market scale of cold chain logistics in my country has grown rapidly. The construction of national key cold chain logistics bases and cold chain facilities at production and sales places has been steadily advanced, and the level of cold chain equipment has been significantly improved. In 2020, the market size of cold chain logistics exceeded 380 billion yuan, the storage capacity of cold storage was nearly 180 million cubic meters, and the number of refrigerated trucks in possession was about 287,000, which were about 2.4 times, 2 times and 2.6 times that at the end of the "12th Five-Year Plan" respectively.
The development quality is constantly improving. A cold chain logistics service system that connects production and sales places, integrates transportation and warehousing and distribution, and integrates logistics and industries has initially taken shape. The service functions of cold chain logistics facilities are continuously expanded, and the full-chain temperature control and full-process traceability capabilities are continuously improved. Cold chain drop-and-pull transportation and multimodal transportation are accelerating. The customs clearance efficiency of cold chain logistics at ports has been greatly improved, and the international cold chain logistics organization capacity has been significantly enhanced.
The pace of innovation has accelerated significantly. The research and development and application of digital, standardized, and green cold chain logistics facilities and equipment have been accelerated, and new preservation and refrigeration, energy conservation and environmental protection technologies have been accelerated. The function of the cold chain logistics traceability and supervision platform is continuously improved. New business forms and models such as cold chain express delivery, cold chain joint distribution, "fresh food e-commerce + cold chain home delivery" and "central kitchen + cold chain distribution of ingredients" are becoming more and more popular. The cross-border integration and integrated innovation capabilities of cold chain logistics are significantly improved.
The market players are constantly growing. Cold chain logistics enterprises are growing rapidly, and the trend of network development is obvious. The industry development ecology is constantly improving. The market concentration is increasing day by day. In the fields of cold chain warehousing, transportation, distribution, and equipment manufacturing, a number of leading enterprises have emerged, continuously extending supply chain service functions such as procurement, distribution, and information. The resource integration ability and market competitiveness have been significantly improved.
The basic role is increasingly prominent. The ability of cold chain logistics to connect production and consumption, serve social people's livelihood, and ensure consumption safety is constantly enhanced. It has played an important role in regulating the supply and demand of agricultural products across seasons, stabilizing market supply, stabilizing price fluctuations, and reducing circulation losses. Especially in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, cold chain logistics has made important contributions to ensuring the safety of the entire process of transportation, storage, and distribution of pharmaceutical products such as vaccines.
But at the same time, the unbalanced and inadequate development of cold chain logistics in my country is prominent. The ability to regulate the supply and demand of agricultural products across seasons and regions is insufficient. There are many post-harvest losses of agricultural products and waste in food circulation. There is still a big gap compared with developed countries. From the perspective of policy environment, there is a lack of overall planning. The distribution of cold chain logistics infrastructure in the east, middle and west, north and south, and between urban and rural areas is uneven, and there is a structural imbalance contradiction; the problems of difficulty in obtaining land, financing, and vehicle passage for cold chain logistics enterprises are relatively prominent; the cold chain logistics supervision system is incomplete and effective supervision is insufficient. The whole-chain supervision system needs to be improved. From the perspective of the industry chain, facilities for pre-cooling at the origin, cold storage and supporting sorting and processing are lagging behind; the level of specialization of cold chain transportation facilities and equipment and operations needs to be improved, and the development of new energy refrigerated trucks is relatively lagging behind; the cold chain logistics system in large and medium-sized cities is not perfect, and the shortcomings of cold chain facilities in traditional agricultural product wholesale markets are prominent. From the perspective of the operation system, there is a lack of cold chain logistics hub facilities for intensive and large-scale operations. The integration and comprehensive utilization rate of existing resources is not high. The degree of networking and organization of industry operations is not enough. A backbone cold chain logistics network covering the whole country has not yet been formed, and it is insufficiently integrated with the modern logistics operation system of "channels + hubs + networks". From the perspective of development foundation, cold chain logistics enterprises have a low degree of specialization, scale, and networking development, and their international competitiveness is not strong; information technology and automation technology are not widely used; the cold chain logistics standard system needs to be improved. There are few mandatory standards and many recommended standards. The connection between standards is not tight enough. Standards are missing in some fields, and the coordination and implementation of standards need to be strengthened; there is a shortage of cold chain professionals, which restricts the development of the industry.